AGM-88 HARM
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1982
Total Production : 23,379
Total Cost : USD $5.7 billion
The AGM-88 HARM (High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile) is an air-to-surface supersonic, long range missile designed to seek out and destroy enemy radar systems. It was designed as an advanced follow on to Standard ARM and Shrike anti-radiation missiles. The HARM's guidance package, with full frequency coverage, is locked on enemy's radar systems emissions following them through radar site. Radar systems physical destruction is achieved through a single blast fragmentation warhead. The first combat use of AGM-88 missiles was in Libya in 1986. During the gulf war in 1991, more than 2,000 HARMs were fired against Iraq's radar systems becoming the weapon of choice in the suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD). The HARM missile can be released from many aircraft. The F-16C is the only HARM-capable aircraft of the US Air Force.
The HARM missile can operate in three modes: pre-emptive, missile-as-a-sensor and self-protect. In the pre-emptive mode the missile is fired before locking on the potential threat. Targeting is provided through pre-flight planning or cued via aircraft's sensors. The missile-as-a-sensor mode allows aircraft to use externally attached HARM missiles as a sensor (using its seeker) to locate radar emissions. Self-protect mode means the missile is fired to destroy threatening radar emissions. The scope of capabilities of the HARM missile family expands from the basic AGM-88A introduced in 1982 to the latest AGM-88F planned for 2015-2016. More than 23,000 AGM-88 missiles have been produced or are under contract to date with more than 4,000 employed in combat.
Model | Status | Year | Produced |
---|---|---|---|
AGM-88B HARM | Active | ? | |
AGM-88C HARM | Active | ? | |
AGM-88A HARM | Retired - No Longer Operational | 1982 | 20,000 |
AGM-88D HARM | Active | 2003 | ? |
AGM-88E AARGM | Active | 2012 | 2,169 |
AGM-88F HCSM | Active | 2016 | ? |
AGM-88G AARGM-ER | Active | 2024 | 410 |
AGM-88B HARM
Group : Anti-Radiation Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Total Production : ?
Unitary Cost : USD $284,000
The AGM-88B missile has an improved guidance section compared to the A model. In addition, the AGM-88B is a reprogrammable missile (software update can be done without replacing hardware).
Operators
Country | Status | State | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Retired - No Longer Operational | ? | Upgraded to AGM-88F |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | 10 | |
![]() | Retired - No Longer Operational | ? | Upgraded to AGM-88F |
![]() | Active | 600 | |
![]() | Retired - No Longer Operational | ? | Upgraded to AGM-88F |
![]() | Active | ? |
Specifications
Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Dimensions | ||
Diameter | 250 millimeter | |
Length | 4.2 meter | |
Wingspan | 1.1 meter | |
Mass | ||
Warhead | 68 kilogram | |
Weight | 360 kilogram | |
Performance | ||
Max Range | 105 kilometer | |
Speed | ||
Top Speed | 1.8 mach |
AGM-88C HARM
Group : Anti-Radiation Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Total Production : ?
Unitary Cost : USD $284,000
The AGM-88C missile was the production model in the 2000s and featured improved software (to counter the advanced threats), improved seeker and improved warhead.
Operators
Country | Status | State | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? |
Specifications
Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Dimensions | ||
Diameter | 250 millimeter | |
Length | 4.2 meter | |
Wingspan | 1.1 meter | |
Mass | ||
Warhead | 68 kilogram | |
Weight | 360 kilogram | |
Performance | ||
Max Range | 105 kilometer | |
Speed | ||
Top Speed | 1.8 mach |
AGM-88A HARM
Group : Anti-Radiation Missiles
Status : Retired - No Longer Operational
Also Known As : High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1982
Total Production : 20,000
Unitary Cost : USD $284,000
The AGM-88A HARM was introduced by the United States Air Force and Navy in 1982.
Operators
Country | Status | State | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Retired - No Longer Operational | ? | |
![]() | Retired - No Longer Operational | ? | |
![]() | Retired - No Longer Operational | ? | |
![]() | Retired - No Longer Operational | ? |
Specifications
Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Dimensions | ||
Diameter | 250 millimeter | |
Length | 4.2 meter | |
Wingspan | 1.1 meter | |
Mass | ||
Warhead | 68 kilogram | |
Weight | 360 kilogram | |
Performance | ||
Max Range | 45 kilometer | |
Speed | ||
Top Speed | 1.8 mach |
AGM-88D HARM
Group : Anti-Radiation Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2003
Total Production : ?
Unitary Cost : USD $284,000
The AGM-88D missile is the next step in HARM's evolution. It would be provided as an upgrade kit beginning in 2003 with improved software and hardware. The AGM-88D missile also incorporates a GPS/INS-aided guidance system.
Operators
Country | Status | State | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Cancelled | ? |
Specifications
Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Dimensions | ||
Diameter | 250 millimeter | |
Length | 4.2 meter | |
Wingspan | 1.1 meter | |
Mass | ||
Warhead | 68 kilogram | |
Weight | 360 kilogram | |
Performance | ||
Max Range | 105 kilometer | |
Speed | ||
Top Speed | 1.8 mach |
AGM-88E AARGM
Group : Anti-Radiation Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile, HDAM (HARM destruction of enemy air defense attack module)
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : ATK Alliant Techsystems
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : July 2012
Total Production : 2,169
Unitary Cost : USD $994,000
The AARGM (Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile) will feature the latest software (software seems to be the cornerstone of the HARM missile) and enhanced capabilities. The AARGM is intended to counter radar shutdown. A passive radar and an active millimeter wave seekers will be installed on the AARGM. In June 2003, ATK won a $223 million contract for the development of the Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM). The whole program was valued at $1.55 billion ($1.69 billion Sept 2007 estimate). The missile was developed to counter Buk and S-300 air defense systems.
In November 2005 the Italian Ministry of Defense and the US Department of Defense signed a Memorandum of Agreement on the joint development of the AGM-88E AARGM missile. Italy was providing $20 million of developmental funding as well as several millions worth material, equipment and related services. The Italian Air Force was expected to procure up to 250 missiles for its Tornado ECR aircraft. Thus flight test program was set to integrate the AARGM onto Tornado ECR's weapon system.
Operators
Country | Status | State | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | 250 | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | 100/1,919 |
Specifications
Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Dimensions | ||
Diameter | 250 millimeter | |
Length | 4.2 meter | |
Wingspan | 1.1 meter | |
Mass | ||
Warhead | 68 kilogram | |
Weight | 360 kilogram | |
Performance | ||
Max Range | 105 kilometer | |
Speed | ||
Top Speed | 1.8 mach |
AGM-88F HCSM
Group : Anti-Radiation Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : HARM Control Section Modification
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2016
First Flight : August 2014
Total Production : ?
The AGM-88F HARM Control Section Modification (HCSM) is a further development based upon the AGM-88E that features increased precision and reduced collateral damage. The HCSM adds GPS/IMU navigation accuracy giving HARM the ability to engage time-critical targets. Besides, its new features allow to engage a wide range of modern Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) systems, are resistant to counter-HARM tactics, and reduces the risk of fratricide or collateral damage. The US Air Force awarded Raytheon the HCSM missile development contract in 2012. The first test flight involving the new AGM-88F missile was carried out in August 2014. Deployment is expected in the 2015-2016 timeframe. The F variant is offered as an upgrade for older B models.
Operators
Country | Status | State | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? | |
![]() | Active | ? |
Specifications
Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Dimensions | ||
Diameter | 250 millimeter | |
Length | 4.2 meter | |
Wingspan | 1.1 meter | |
Mass | ||
Warhead | 68 kilogram | |
Weight | 360 kilogram | |
Performance | ||
Max Range | 148 kilometer | |
Speed | ||
Top Speed | 1.8 mach |
AGM-88G AARGM-ER
Group : Anti-Radiation Missiles
Status : Active
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Northrop Grumman
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2024
First Flight : July 19, 2021
Total Production : 410
Unitary Cost : USD $3.2 million
The Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile-Extended Range (AARGM-ER), also known as AGM-88G, is a new variant of the AGM-88E missile developed by Orbital ATK to meet the requirements of the US Navy. The AARGM-ER missile features several upgrades focusing on extending its operational range and survivability. The missile’s rocket motor and tail have been replaced to achieve the extended range while keeping the sensors and electronics utilized on the AAGM-88E. The new missile is especially well suited for the F/A-18EF Super Hornet, EA-18G Growler and F-35 stealth fighter being carried inside the internal weapons bay. Orbital ATK was awarded a development contract in January 2018.
Operators
Country | Status | State | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Planned | 60 | Order announced in August 2023 for 60 missiles worth $431 million |
![]() | Planned | ? | |
![]() | Planned | ? | |
![]() | Planned | 200 | Ordered in January 2025. More than 200 missiles worth $745 million. |
![]() | Active | 150 | LRIP I (16) September 2021; Lot 2 (16) July 2022; Lot 3 (118) November 2023. |
Specifications
Notes | ||
---|---|---|
Dimensions | ||
Diameter | 0.29 meter | |
Length | 4.1 meter | |
Mass | ||
Weight | 467 kilogram | |
Performance | ||
Max Range | 150 kilometer | |
Min Range | 150 kilometer | |
Speed | ||
Top Speed | 2.9 mach |
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Photo Gallery
July 2019

F/A-18F firing AARGM missile
March 2019

AGM-88G AARGM-ER anti-radiation missile
September 2013

ATK 100th AARGM missile on September 17, 2013
December 2006

AGM-88E AARGM
Notes
State Latest Known holdings/Original Procurement
Com - Date of Commissioning
Decom - Date of Decommissioning
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